天美mv天美

Han, H. (2017) Trade migration and language. In S. Canagarajah (Ed.) The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language, pp. 258-274. London & New York: Routledge.

This chapter conceptualizes 鈥渢rade migration鈥� as a form and category of migration involving seeking new goods or new markets and furthers the conceptualization of 鈥済rassroots multilingualism鈥� (Han, 3013) as a useful applied linguistic and sociolinguistic concept that is associated with but goes beyond trade migration.  Recovering some historical roots and linkages and focusing on private trade migration which has interacted and intertwined with 鈥減ublic鈥�/official trade in complicated ways, I emphasize it started in pre-historic times, continued through and survived European colonialism, and has expanded ever more widely and quickly in the current era of capitalist globalization but with many new players despite the fact that there is no dedicated migration category for long-term (e.g., over a year) stationed traders in the current visa-permit-and-residency scheme in most countries around the world.

Identifying and building on research on linguistic consequences or products traditionally associated with trade migration, namely the original 鈥渓ingua franca,鈥� 鈥減idgins鈥� and 鈥渢rade jargons,鈥� I further the conceptualization of 鈥済rassroots multilingualism鈥� that has emerged from the context of trade migration between Africa and China. With data from my ongoing fieldwork in China and Namibia, I examine grassroots multilingualism at the individual and group level and attend to changes at both levels, and call for a shift of focus from linguistic products to linguistic and socioeconomic practices, ideologies, and processes in applied linguistics.